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Showing posts from November, 2020

App Predicts Risk of Developing Alzheimer’s

A new app combines basic data with information about specific biomarkers found in an individual's blood to assess the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease within two to four years. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/3lkwKBD

How COVID-19 Reaches the Brain

SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19 enters the brain via neurons in the olfactory mucosa. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/39qQzVP

Cortex Over Reflex: Study Traces Circuits Where Executive Control Overcomes Instinct

Anterior cingulate cortex neurons project connections to the superior colliculus. The superior colliculus carries out reflexive movements. The study finds the purpose of the ACC neurons connections to the SC is to over-rider the SC when executive control is essential. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/3lpciQn

Infant Language Exposure Shapes Brain Circuitry

Taking turns in "conversations" with adult caregivers synchronizes activity in language areas of the infant brain. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/3qh7MqI

Why Our Obsession With Happy Endings Can Lead to Bad Decisions

Study concludes one reason we may make unwise decisions is our preference for a positive outcome. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/36gzc81

How Humans Use Objects in Novel Ways to Solve Problems

Study provides a new framework for investigating and formalizing the cognitive processes behind how humans use tools. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/36jzVFD

Laughing Is Good for Your Mind and Your Body, Here’s What the Research Shows

Researchers investigate how laughter improves both mental and physical well-being. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/39sn06i

Microbiota Linked to Dynamics of the Human Immune System

Study reveals the gut microbiome directly influences the makeup of the human immune system. Researchers found the concentration of different types of immune cells in the blood change in the presence of different bacterial strains in the gut. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2JrzU9o

Are We the Same Person Throughout Our Lives? In Essence, Yes

The continuity of self remains stable throughout our lifetimes, while other components of the "self", including physical appearance, attitudes, beliefs, and physiological processes change. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/3q8J4so

Genetic Discovery Could Lead to Better Prediction of Suicide Risk Within Families

Study ties twenty genes into suicidal behaviors that span generations of families. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/3mhgLFL

Gut Microbes: A Key to Normal Sleep

Normal sleep in mice is reliant upon bacteria that help produce neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, in the gut. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/3o4aYDY

Real-World Neuroscience Experiments Show Diversity in Learning New Motor Skills

Researchers found the whole body changes as we learn new movement-based skills. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/3o8UhYl

Regions of the Brain Where Serotonin Promotes Patience Revealed

A new study reveals specific brain regions that individually promote patience through the action of serotonin. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/377ECkQ

High Blood Pressure in Midlife Is Linked to Increased Brain Damage in Later Life

Higher than average blood pressure during middle age is associated with an increased risk of and more extensive brain damage in old age. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/37cUcvx

Unique Schwann Cells: The Eyes Have It

Researchers discovered the genetic properties of the glial cells that wrap around axons in our corneas have the potential for nerve regeneration and vision preservation. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/3lcWaRz

More Skin-Like, Electronic Skin That Can Feel

Researchers have developed a multimodal ion-electronic skin that can detect heat and mechanical stimulation at the same time. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/37ageiH

Which Speaker Are You Listening to? Hearing Aid of the Future Uses Brainwaves to Find Out

EEG and AI technology can directly decode the direction in which people are listening from brainwaves alone, without having to link them to direct sounds. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/3m8OJwn

Memories of Past Events Retain Remarkable Fidelity Even as We Age

People can recall memories of previous events with up to 94% accuracy, even as they age. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2V5b2H8

Exploring Links Between Infant Vocabulary Size and Vocal Interactions With Caregivers

Certain types of interactions between parents and babies result in greater infant vocabulary. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/3l7TXai

Basketball on the Brain: Neuroscientists Use Sports to Study Surprise

Researchers monitored brain activity and eye movement of basketball fans watching March Madness games to study how people process surprise. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/3l7Bies

The Smell of Cooperation

The smell of a cooperative rat is enough to trigger altruistic responses in other rodents. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/3m8YZ7w

New Mechanism of Pain Control Revealed

Stimulating noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus that carry signals from the brain down the spinal dorsal horn activates astrocytes. The astrocyte activation results in hypersensitivity to pain. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/3l7TPHQ

Exercise Motivation Could Be Linked to Certain Smells

Study finds olfaction plays a significant role in the motivation to exercise. Mice who were "high runners" developed genetic differences in their olfactory systems that caused them to perceive smells differently than more sedentary mice. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/3fGWRl9

Drug Guides Stem Cells to Desired Location, Improving Their Ability to Heal

A new drug can lure stem cells to damaged tissue and locations, improving treatment efficacy. The drug could be used to help recruit stem cells to sites damaged by neurodegenerative diseases. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/373Y81W

Changes in Our Stomach’s Rhythms Steer Us Away From Disgusting Sights

Changes in the rhythms of our stomachs force us to turn away from visual stimuli we find disgusting. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/363VvxR

Cocoa Flavanols Boost Brain Oxygenation and Cognition in Healthy Adults

Those exposed to cocoa flavanols performed better at cognitive tests and showed increases in brain oxygenation. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/3nUSl5r

AI Helps Scientists Understand Brain Activity Behind Thoughts

A new AI system helps researchers better understand the brain computations that underlie thought. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/374mBEh

Stronger Memories Can Help Us Make Sense of Future Changes

The stronger a memory is as it is first encoded, the easier it is for a person to note subsequent changes and integrate them to update their understanding. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/3kYJVbv

How the Brain ‘Rewires’ After Disease

Findings have implications for a better understanding of how brain plasticity occurs. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/3fujo4y

Brain Waves Guide Us in Spotlighting Surprises

A dynamic interplay of different brainwave frequencies, not dedicated networks, governs how the brain acts to a novel surprise and downplays predictable stimuli. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/361V5rB

Stress in Pregnancy May Influence Baby Brain Development

Maternal stress is linked to altered development in areas of the brain associated with emotional development in their offspring. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/33e5Y7L

Tarantula Toxin Attacks With Molecular Stinger

A tarantula's venom immobilizes its prey by interfering with sodium channels that generate electrical signals in the animal's nervous system. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2J4yr8Y

Psilocybin Shows Potential as Migraine Treatment

A new small scale study reveals psilocybin appears to have a beneficial effect for chronic migraine sufferers. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/3nS264s

Children More Willing to Punish if the Wrongdoer Is ‘Taught a Lesson’

Children as young as four are more willing to make personal sacrifices to punish those who do wrong, especially if they believe the punishment will teach the transgressor a lesson. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/339dxMY

Measuring Risk-Taking by Watching People Move Computer Mice

People whose computer mouse drifted toward a safer option on the screen, even when they ultimately decided to select a riskier option, may be more risk avoidant than their choices would indicate. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/3l34Ytb

What Do Slight Arm Movements Reveal About Our Breathing and Health?

Minimal arm movements that occur during sleep are better predictors of respiratory rate than ECG wrist monitors, a new study reports. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/3pXqV0L

Eye Exam Could Lead to Early Parkinson’s Disease Diagnosis

Artificial intelligence technology can identify early signatures of Parkinson's disease based on images of the retina vasculature taken from a simple eye test. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/35Zefyl

Early and Late Stages of Degenerative Diseases Are Distinct

At the cellular levels, neurodegeneration associated with diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's occurs in two different phases by different activities of protein signaling pathways that regulate cell function. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/36XBt7g

Brain Cells That Help Drive Bodily Reaction to Fear and Anxiety Identified

Pnoc neurons in the BNST trigger pupillary response and increase heart rate in response to anxiety and fear. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2J6g8Au

Social Isolation Provokes Brain Activity Similar to That Seen During Hunger Cravings

Activity in the substantia nigra is similar following a day of social isolation as it is following a day of starvation. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/36Z4csw

Psychosis Symptoms Linked to Impaired Information Spread in the Brain

White matter connectivity does not directly induce psychosis, but may affect symptoms of psychosis through its effect on the consciousness threshold. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/3l6Wp0R

Loneliness in Parkinson’s Disease May Lead to Worsening of Symptoms

People with Parkinson's disease who have less social interaction are at greater risk for developing more severe symptoms of the disease than those who are less lonely. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2UNJ2Yu

Stereotypes Prejudice Our Musical Tastes

Emotional response to music isn't just derived from lyrics or the beat, they are also based on preconceived ideas we have about different musical genres. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/3kOtQFa

Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Trial to Focus on People Who Can’t Walk

ChariotMS is recruiting 200 patients in the UK who lack mobility due to multiple sclerosis for a new clinical trial. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2URfFEL

Altered ‘Coat’ Disguises Fatal Brain Virus From Neutralizing Antibodies

Genetic mutations in the capsid of JCPyV may allow virus to escape antibodies. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2KlASoc

Time Spent Playing Video Games Can Be Good for Your Well Being

Those who play video games are more likely to report experiencing positive emotions and better overall well-being. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/35PBLOk

Do Neural Networks Dream Visual Illusions?

When convolutional neural networks are trained under experimental conditions, they are deceived by the brightness and color of a visual image in similar ways to the human visual system. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/336TI9j

Memories Create ‘Fingerprints’ That Reveal How the Brain Is Organized

Researchers identified several brain areas that acted as hubs for information processing across brain networks that contribute to memory recall. They observed how activation patterns within these networks differed on an individual level, based on personal levels of recall detail and imagination. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2UNwoJ6

Gut Immune Cells May Help Send Multiple Sclerosis Into Remission

Study finds signs of IgA antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis during a flare-up of the disease, but not when the patients are in remission. The findings suggest gut immune cells are involved in relapse episodes of multiple sclerosis. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2IWueV9

Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatments Reverse Aging Process

Healthy older adults exposed to hyperbaric oxygen therapies showed signs of reversal of the normal aging process at a cellular level. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/35MLQeM

Genetic Link to Molecular Events That Precede Symptoms in Alzheimer’s Disease Found

Researchers have identified a molecular mechanism that disrupts the flow of enzymes in axons, results in the accumulation of amyloid plaques. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/3pKbybN

Financially Exploited Seniors Show Brain Differences and Are More Frail

Older adults who experienced financial exploitation showed differences in brain activity in areas associated with social judgment and decision making. Additionally, those who are exploited financially tend to be physically frailer than their peers, with particular deficits in vision and hearing. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2ITrPKE

Wearable Imaging Cap Provides a Window Into Babies’ Brains

A newly developed headset capable of brain mapping may help provide new insight into developmental disorders, including autism and cerebral palsy. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/36UNwlB

Can Memory Manipulation Help Treat Alcohol Addiction?

Manipulating memory via optogenetics mitigated addiction-related behaviors. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/3lOIAVO

Novel Roles of Oxytocin in Controlling Male Sexual Function

Oxytocin injections in rodent models directly activated SEG/GRP neurons via oxytocin receptors and influenced male sexual functions in the lumbar spinal cord. Reducing the activity of oxytocin receptors resulted in a decrease in sexual activity and ejaculatory response in the animals. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/3nH4RFp

Increased Risk of Dementia in LGBTQ Community

Stress and depression may increase the risk of dementia and cognitive decline in older members of the LGBTQ community, a new study reports. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/38WbJKY

Researchers Improve Neuronal Reprogramming by Manipulating Mitochondria

Expressing neuron enriched mitochondrial proteins, researchers achieved a four times higher glial cell conversion rate and simultaneously increased the speed of neural reprogramming. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/32USVbd

Learning a New Language Changes the Brain’s Division of Labor

Learning a new language as an adult alters hemisphere specialization for comprehension, but not for production. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/3pCNesj

The Neural Mechanisms Behind Support for Political Violence

People with strong moral and political convictions who saw images of protestors congruent to their own views showed activation in the brain's reward system. The study suggests violent acts in political protests can arise as a desire to act morally, rather than from bad intentions. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/3kGivH8

Motor Neural Population Activity Patterns Are Different for Reach and Grasp Behaviors

A new study challenges the popular theory of intrinsic, dynamic patterns control motor behaviors. Researchers found neuron population dynamics in the motor cortex are different during reaching and grasping behaviors. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/3f8fRZq

Study Explores Sleep Apnea, Autoimmune Disease Link

Poor sleep and inadequate oxygen supply associated with obstructive sleep apnea appears to affect cytokines. This could explain the link between OSA and an increased risk of autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/35EY9d7

Childhood Lead Exposure Leads to Structural Changes in Middle-Aged Brains

Elevated levels of lead in the blood of children was associated with structural changes in the brain during mid-life. Those with higher levels of lead exposure as children had decreased hippocampal volume and structural deficits in white-matter integrity. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/36OMaJ4

Mediterranean Diet Helps Reduce Effects of Stress

Animals fed a Mediterranean style diet showed more resilience to stress and a better recovery following stressful stimuli than those fed a Western diet. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/3ntHW0n

Changes to the Brain’s Reward System May Drive Overeating in Mice

Diet-induced changes to the reward system and innate differences may predispose mice to over-eating. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/38OOJO5

Parasite Infection Discovery Could Assist Mental Health Treatments

Behavioral changes in those with T.gondii infection could be linked to lower levels of norepinephrine. Norepinephrine also controls inflammation. Both neuroinflammation and norepinephrine are associated with a range of psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia and ADHD. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2IIfOYe

Activity Patterns in the Brain Are Specific to the Color You See

Researchers were able to ascertain the colors people were seeing by looking at their brain activity. The study reveals we have unique brain activity associated with specific colors. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2IyQtAv

Does the Human Brain Resemble the Universe?

A new analysis shows the distribution of fluctuation within the cerebellum neural network follows the same progression of distribution of matter in the cosmic web. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/36GdRUt

Chronic Alcohol Use Reshapes the Brain’s Immune Landscape, Driving Anxiety and Addiction

Study identifies inflammatory mechanisms and cellular activity in the amygdala that drives alcohol addiction in mice. Chronic alcohol exposure compromises immune cells in the brain, driving anxiety and alcohol consumption that may lead to the development of AUD. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/38QbiSy

Antibiotics Before Age 2 Associated With Childhood Health Issues

Researchers have identified an association between antibiotics administered to children aged two and under, and an increased risk of ongoing conditions ranging from ADHD to obesity. Children exposed to numerous courses of antibiotics as toddlers were more likely to be diagnosed with continuous conditions later in childhood. The study speculates that while antibiotics may only have a transient effect on the developing microbiome, this may have an impact on long-term illness. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/3lEp8uS

How 3-Year-Olds React to Immorality

Children as young as three show specific neurobiological changes, such as pupil dilation, when they witness violations of moral or conventional norms. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/3nsTRM4

The Future’s Uncertain, but Noradrenaline Can Help Us Adapt

In times of uncertainty, noradrenaline helps us learn and adapt our behaviors, researchers report. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/38LHiah

Promising Multiple Sclerosis Drug Could Worsen Disease

TEPP-46, a drug developed for the treatment of cancer and showed promise for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, could make MS symptoms worse, a new study reports. The drug appears to redirect inflammation away from the spinal cord and directly into the brain. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/36CAQzP

Why Can’t Some People Admit Defeat When They Lose?

Negative personality traits and cognitive dissonance explain why some people are such sore losers that they can not concede a defeat. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/36DU1cz

Why Melatonin Promotes Sleep

In worms, melatonin promotes sleep by activating the BK channel through the MT1 receptor. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/32O7gWU

Link Between Alzheimer’s Disease and Gut Microbiota Is Confirmed

Study confirms an association between an imbalance in gut bacteria and the development of amyloid plaques in the brains of humans. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/32KPow2

Antidepressant May Prevent Severe COVID-19, Trial Suggests

A new small scale study reveals the antidepressant fluvoxamine may be a new tool in the fight against COVID-19. Researchers report fluvoxamine reduced the severity of coronavirus symptoms and hospitalizations. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/3ptD1yo

Radiographic horizontal gaze deviation in the setting of acute PICA territory ischemia: A potential mimic of large vessel occlusion

Horizontal gaze deviation (HGD) is a predictor of acute large vessel occlusion (LVO) and helps to expedite the triage of patients to CTA and endovascular-capable sites. Patients with acute cerebellar ischemia, particularly involving the PICA territory, can also exhibit HGD. from Journal of the Neurological Sciences https://ift.tt/2JVMpKH

Re-Mapping Taste in the Brain

Study reveals the map of neural responses that mediate taste perception does not involve a specific, specialized group of neurons, but overlapping and spatially distributed neural populations. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2IytPI4

Astrocytes Identified as Master ‘Conductors’ of the Brain

Astrocytes are involved in regulating inhibitory synapses by binding to neurons through the NrCAM adhesion molecule. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/3lsKRWC

Hearing Test May Detect Autism in Newborns

Researchers report the ABR hearing test given to newborns to detect auditory problems could be adapted to identify infants at risk of autism spectrum disorder. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/3eXiRrq

Study: EEG Beta Waves Predict Recovery Potential After Stroke

Patient disability following a stroke may depend on the severity, type, or location of the bleed or clot that caused it. But to date, it has been difficult to predict how well any individual might recover from a stroke. This is especially true for anticipating how well a patient may regain common motor functions, like walking or using a spoon. New research shows brain wave patterns may be a biomarker for motor skill recovery potential in stroke patients. That’s according to a study published in October 2020 in the Oxford Academic journal Brain Communications . “While cortical oscillations may be only one of several factors important for motor learning, they may have value as markers of cortical function and plasticity after stroke,” according to the study. Beta oscillations “may offer novel targets for therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying plasticity, such as pharmacological and non-invasive brain stimulation approaches,” the study suggests. Previous studies have shown co

How to Write Understandable Scientific Web Content

Many of us are tightening our belts these days, walking a fine line between what we can do ourselves and what absolutely must be outsourced. Digital content marketing is one part of practice management that has a lot of bootstrapping potential. Recently, we shared tips on finding professional images for your website and social media. This week, we take on writing your own medical website content. You can always hire a professional medical writer to explain conditions and treatments and write a weekly blog. These kinds of writers specialize in conveying complex medical information into lay-friendly prose. Many physicians are good at this too, but not everyone is Atul Gawande . Science (medical and otherwise) can be hard for people to read. “Most people assume that its difficulties are born out of necessity, out of the extreme complexity of scientific concepts, data and analysis,” write George D. Gopen and Judith A. Swan in their seminal 1990 paper, The Science of Scientific Writi

Rapid Progress Toward Reliable Blood Tests for Alzheimer Disease

One of the most important advances in Alzheimer disease (AD) clinical research in the past 2 decades has been the development of biomarkers that detect amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles in vivo with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) assays or positron emission tomography (PET). Coupled with imaging or fluid-based markers of brain structural and functional integrity, these biomarkers allow researchers to capture the 3 key features of AD: amyloid plaques, tau neurofibrillary tangles, and neurodegeneration in living people (Figure). One of the most important insights from biomarker studies in AD is the existence of a prolonged preclinical stage spanning 2 decades, during which plaques and tangles deposit in the brain without leading to cognitive symptoms or functional decline. Individuals with preclinical biomarker changes are at risk for cognitive decline and may thus be excellent candidates for early intervention with disease-modifying therapies. The “biomarker revolution”

Taste Aversion Reveals How Bad Experiences Modify Brain and Behavior

Learning to avoid certain tastes depends on the long term reduction in activity the connections between threat and taste sensors in the brain. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/35kQArF

Depression Linked to Bowel Conditions

Depression may be a new biomarker for the onset of specific bowel conditions, researchers report. The study found those with digestive disorders such as IBS, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis were more likely to be diagnosed with depression up to nine years prior to being diagnosed with bowel conditions. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/3pkav26