This cohort study compares plasma levels of phosphorylated tau at threonine 217 with established cerebrospinal fluid and positron emission tomography (PET) tau biomarkers in early Alzheimer disease. from journals https://ift.tt/32A3ZKK
One of the most important advances in Alzheimer disease (AD) clinical research in the past 2 decades has been the development of biomarkers that detect amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles in vivo with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) assays or positron emission tomography (PET). Coupled with imaging or fluid-based markers of brain structural and functional integrity, these biomarkers allow researchers to capture the 3 key features of AD: amyloid plaques, tau neurofibrillary tangles, and neurodegeneration in living people (Figure). One of the most important insights from biomarker studies in AD is the existence of a prolonged preclinical stage spanning 2 decades, during which plaques and tangles deposit in the brain without leading to cognitive symptoms or functional decline. Individuals with preclinical biomarker changes are at risk for cognitive decline and may thus be excellent candidates for early intervention with disease-modifying therapies. The “biomarker revolution”
Using electrical acupuncture, Liu et al. show how electrical stimulation of primary somatosensory neurons at different body regions can tap into discreet autonomic circuits and, depending on the parameters, initiate either a pro- or anti-inflammatory response. from journals https://ift.tt/3nfwtl6
Cheadle et al. reveal that microglia expressing TWEAK facilitate synapse elimination through a novel, non-phagocytic mechanism in the retinogeniculate pathway during visual circuit development. This mechanism is experience-dependent and occurs through the local binding of TWEAK to postsynaptic Fn14. from journals https://ift.tt/35liHHx
We integrate information from multiple sensory modalities and from ongoing plans to construct a perception of the world. In this issue of Neuron, Bouvier et al. (2020) and Guitchounts et al. (2020) examine the detailed circuitry that supports a flexible integration of head and visual signals in rodent primary visual cortex. from journals https://ift.tt/38ynBms
This randomized clinical trial evaluates the superiority of ticagrelor added to aspirin in preventing disabling stroke and identifies factors associated with recurrent disabling stroke. from journals https://ift.tt/32nGYux
This meta-analysis of 2 randomized clinical trials examines the association of reperfusion and reduced disability, including by onset-to-randomization time strata. from journals https://ift.tt/366syA8
Author: Edited by Carol A. Tamminga, MD, Jim van Os, MD, PhD, MRCPsych, Ulrich Reininghaus, PhD, MSc, Dipl.-Psych., and Elena Ivleva, MD, PhD ISBN: 9780190653279 Binding: Hardcover Publication Date: 03 November 2020 Price: $215.00 from journals https://ift.tt/34UB3P8
This analysis of the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study presents burden estimates of major neurological disorders in the US states by age and sex from 1990 to 2017. from journals https://ift.tt/3oVdAFx
In this review, Luan et al. discuss the latest advances in engineering electrical neural interfaces that expand the spatiotemporal resolution and extent of mapping and manipulating brain circuits, covering implanted devices, integrated circuits, and signal transmission and processing. from journals https://ift.tt/3jzdVtx
This third and final special issue in our series on neurotechnology focuses on tools for modulating neural circuits. The first part of this series explored methods used to build and map networks, while the second part covered approaches to reading activity at different spatiotemporal scales. Here, in this final installment, we discuss large-scale electrode systems for recording, neural implants for manipulating central and peripheral signals, and considerations for translation of these technologies to the clinic. from journals https://ift.tt/2TB0vmc
Adult neurogenesis depends on the decision of neural stem cells to leave quiescence and become neurons. In this issue, Asrican et al. show that the neuropeptide cholecystokinin released by interneurons promotes the neuronal fate through astrocytic signaling. from journals https://ift.tt/2HL3Vk5
In this issue, Gill et al. apply holographic optogenetic stimulation in the olfactory bulb to control select neuronal ensembles in 3D. This approach allows them to dissociate the contribution of temporal spike features and spike rate to stimulus detection. from journals https://ift.tt/35EAqsl
In an interview with Neuron, Keith Kirkland, cofounder of a start-up building products that communicate information through touch, shares his path, passions, and life philosophy that brought him to launch a company. He also discusses the crucial need for representation in science and the value of self-empowered exploration and self-recovery from failure. from journals https://ift.tt/2HDjA4G
In an interview with Neuron, physicist and electrical engineer by training, Deblina Sarkar shares how her passion for the brain—“the ultimate example of a low-power computer”—inspires her research. She describes her work developing novel nanoelectronics devices and new biomolecular mapping methods to gain access to ultra-structures in the brain and discusses how she navigates across disciplines. from journals https://ift.tt/35I3GOF
Schiavone et al. describe the use of current characterization techniques to study electrode systems for neural stimulation, with focus on the specificities of soft technology. The authors provide guidelines to design complete in vivo characterization studies and interpret characterization data. from journals https://ift.tt/327o8rB
In this Perspective, Nurmikko provides an overview of the progress in cortical interfaces over the years. He considers the engineering challenges for chronic human use and discusses current strategies to scale electrical recording and stimulation up to thousands of neuronal targets at near-cellular-level resolution. from journals https://ift.tt/327o6jt
Shahriari, Rosenfeld, et al. discuss advances in technologies for recording and modulation of electrophysiological activity in the peripheral nervous system and organs. from journals https://ift.tt/2TwMExp
In their Perspective, Borton et al. describe the opportunities and challenges of scientific platforms to help catalyze translation of clinical neuroscience to therapeutic interventions. from journals https://ift.tt/35LfsI8
In this review, Luan et al. discuss the latest advances in engineering electrical neural interfaces that expand the spatiotemporal resolution and extent of mapping and manipulating brain circuits, covering implanted devices, integrated circuits, and signal transmission and processing. from journals https://ift.tt/3jzdVtx