NEURO

Horizontal gaze deviation (HGD) is a predictor of acute large vessel occlusion (LVO) and helps to expedite the triage of patients to CTA and endovascular-capable sites. Patients with acute cerebellar ischemia, particularly involving the PICA territory, can also exhibit HGD. from Journal of the Neurological Sciences https://ift.tt/2JVMpKH

The disease concept of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders(NMOSD) has undergone a significant change over the last two decades including the detection of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein(MOG) antibody in patients who are seronegative for aquaporin-4 antibody. Aquaporin-4 antibody positive NMOSD is now regarded as an immune astrocytopathy. Conversely, MOG antibody associated disease is known to target myelin rather than astrocytes, leading to an NMOSD syndrome with distinct clinical and radiological features. from Journal of the Neurological Sciences https://ift.tt/3eMZpOg

Toxoplasmosis is an opportunistic infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii (TG), which affects one third of the global human population and commonly involves the central nervous system (CNS)/brain despite the so-called CNS immune privilege. Symptomatic clinical disease of TG infection is much more commonly associated with immunodeficiency; clinicopathological manifestations of CNS toxoplasmosis are linked to individual immune responses including the CNS infiltration of T-cells that are thought to prevent the disease. from Journal of the Neurological Sciences https://ift.tt/3kcLIJw

Although statins have been associated with increased risk of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, their relationship with cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) formation is poorly understood. We systematically reviewed previously published studies to the association between CMBs presence and current statin use.We performed a systematic search in MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases on October 24, 2019 to identify all cohorts from randomized clinical trials or observational studies reporting CMB prevalence and statin use. from Journal of the Neurological Sciences https://ift.tt/2U71fzS

There is considerable heterogeneity in residency education around the world. The Neurology International Residents Videoconference and Exchange (NIRVE) program aims to deliver neurology educational content to residents across different resource settings and countries through a monthly videoconferencing platform. Its purpose is to fill gaps in didactic teaching, increase exposure to a variety of cases including various practices and delivery of neurology in multiple countries, as well as integrate global health content into neurology education. from Journal of the Neurological Sciences https://ift.tt/2U4Wzup

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a fatal human prion disease. Surveillance systems operate globally with the goals of accurate in-life case ascertainment, appropriate public health interventions to minimise secondary transmission, and monitoring trends in disease epidemiology. The UK experienced the highest incidence of variant CJD (vCJD) in the world following widespread population exposure to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). 178 cases of vCJD have been identified in the UK by the National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit (NCJDRSU), including three cases of secondary transmission via blood transfusion. from Journal of the Neurological Sciences https://ift.tt/3mZeqPL

Single subject VBM (SS-VBM), has been used as an alternative tool to standard VBM for single case studies. However, it has the disadvantage of producing an excessively large number of false positive detections. In this study we propose a machine learning technique widely used for automated data classification, namely Support Vector Machine (SVM), to refine the findings produced by SS-VBM. A controlled set of experiments was conducted to evaluate the proposed approach using three-dimensional T1 MRI scans from control subjects collected from the publicly available IXI dataset. from Journal of the Neurological Sciences https://ift.tt/32jWLKG

Endovascular treatment of ruptured cerebral aneurysms frequently requires antiplatelet medication to prevent thromboembolism. This might raise concern regarding the risk of postprocedural hemorrhage (pH), e.g. from placement of intracranial probes. We explored the risk of PH associated with standard antiplatelet therapy (sAP: acetylsalicylic acid, and/or clopidogrel) in the context of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). from Journal of the Neurological Sciences https://ift.tt/3enBvZi

Early-career academic faculty from underrepresented minority groups are under-represented among medical school faculty, less likely to receive research grants, less likely to be promoted, and report lower career satisfaction. The Training in Research for Academic Neurologists to Sustain Careers and Enhance the Numbers of Diverse Scholars (TRANSCENDS) program was established as a research training and mentoring program to foster careers of diverse early-career individuals in neurology. Early career individuals from underrepresented groups in the biomedical-research workforce were selected from applicants during the initial cycle (2016–2020). from Journal of the Neurological Sciences https://ift.tt/3epFNj9

Reperfusion therapies by tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and mechanical thrombectomy (MT) have ushered in a new era in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, reperfusion therapy-related HT remains an enigma. from Journal of the Neurological Sciences https://ift.tt/3oVlj6I

Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and anti-voltage-gated potassium channel (VGKC) encephalitis are the commonest antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitides (AIE). Acute clinical features have been well-described, but data on the role of radiological findings in diagnosis and prognosis of AIE are limited. from Journal of the Neurological Sciences https://ift.tt/3kV35Ql

The outcomes of administration of Perampanel (PER) is a β-amino-3-(5-methyl-3-oxo-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)propionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonist for the treatment of refractory status epilepticus (RSE) and Super-refractory (SRSE) were previously reported in small cohort studies and case reports. We report efficacy and side effect results of an observational cohort of 75 patients treated with PER for RSE and SRSE. from Journal of the Neurological Sciences https://ift.tt/3kUCJ0A

For surveillance projects to be successful, it is important to accurately diagnose all patients, without overlooking any cases. Here, we investigated the present clinical diagnostic accuracy for prion diseases in Japan. from Journal of the Neurological Sciences https://ift.tt/2HVSg1y

Myotonic dystrophies (DMs) are autosomal dominant, multisystemic disorders characterized by myotonia and progressive muscle weakness [1]. DM type 1 (DM1) results from a trinucleotide repeat expansion (CTG) in the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) gene [2,3], and DM type 2 (DM2) is caused by an expansion of CCTG repeats in the CCHC-type zinc finger, nucleic acid binding protein (CNBP) gene [4]. DM1 is the most common adult muscular dystrophy with a prevalence ranging between 0.5 and 18.1 per 100,000 [5]. from Journal of the Neurological Sciences https://ift.tt/34LMNDs

The relationship between optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements of the retinal structures has been described for various neurological diseases including Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Brain volume changes, both globally and by area, are associated with some of these same diseases, yet the correlation of OCT and disease is not fully elucidated.Our study looked at normal subjects, at the correlation of OCT measurements and brain volumes, both globally and for specific regions including the pericalcarine grey matter, entorhinal grey matter, and cerebellar volume using a retrospective, cross-sectional cohort study design. from Journal of the Neurological Sciences https://ift.tt/3jOePmd

In order to better educate patients, predictive models have been implemented to stratify surgical risk, thereby instituting greater uniformity across surgical practices and prioritizing the safety and outcomes of patients. The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic review summarizing the major predictive models used to evaluate patients as candidates for spinal surgery. A search was conducted for articles related to predictive modeling in spinal surgeries using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases. from Journal of the Neurological Sciences https://ift.tt/34KbbFz

To investigate hypothesized sources of error when quantifying the effect of the sensory trick in cervical dystonia (CD) with the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS-2), test strategies to mitigate them, and provide guidance for future research on the sensory trick. from Journal of the Neurological Sciences https://ift.tt/3ebgJfn

Spastic paraplegia type 5 (SPG5/HSP-CYP7B1) is an autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) caused by biallelic variants in the CYP7B1 gene, resulting in dysfunction of the enzyme oxysterol-7-α-hydroxylase. The consequent accumulation of hydroxycholesterols in plasma seems to be pathognomonic for SPG5, and represent a possible target for treatment. We aimed to characterize Norwegian patients with SPG5, including clinical examinations, genetic analyses, measurements of hydroxycholesterols, electrophysiological investigations and brain imaging. from Journal of the Neurological Sciences https://ift.tt/2HB5pxy

We evaluated cerebral gyri (CG) on phase difference enhanced imaging (PADRE) of corticobasal syndrome (CBS), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and Parkinson's disease (PD) patients to determine whether it is possible to discriminate among them on an individual basis. Two radiologists reviewed appearance of the normal CG and that of CBS patients on PADRE, and deviations from the appearance of the normal CG were recorded. Next, based on the CG abnormalities, two other reviewers reviewed PADRE images from 12 CBS, 14 PSP, and 30 PD patients. from Journal of the Neurological Sciences https://ift.tt/3oqTnHC

Contrast-induced neurotoxicity (CIN) is a rare complication of neurointerventional procedures and its understanding remains limited. We evaluated the association of CIN with systemic hemodynamics in patients undergoing neuroendovascular interventions. from Journal of the Neurological Sciences https://ift.tt/3e1l6d6