NEURO

This case-control study examines the use of fluorine 18–labeled fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomographic imaging to detect glucose metabolic changes in individuals who are presymptomatic carriers of a mutation in the C9orf72 gene that leads to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. from journals https://ift.tt/2ZrWB3c

In this issue of Neuron, Kullmann et al. (2020) demonstrate that the hypoxic state of the developing cerebellum stimulates Hif1a expression to maintain cell proliferation until vascularization creates normoxic conditions, activating Pard polarity signaling complex genes and stimulating cells to cease proliferation and begin migration. from journals https://ift.tt/3g7gaEc

Hypothalamic stimulation can elicit complex behaviors such as aggression, but how discrete motor components of such behaviors are organized at the circuit level remains largely unknown. In this issue of Neuron, Falkner et al. (2020) find that complex neural representations get transformed into a simplified action signal along a hypothalamic-midbrain pathway. from journals https://ift.tt/3g5rAbn

How do we learn in the absence of direct experience? In this issue of Neuron, Charpentier et al. (2020) proposes a new computational account of observational learning, which arbitrates between choice imitation and goal emulation. from journals https://ift.tt/36kE8r4

We construct our beliefs to meet two sometimes conflicting goals: forming accurate beliefs to inform our decisions and forming desirable beliefs that we value for their own sake. In this NeuroView, we consider emerging neuroscience evidence on how the brain motivates itself to form particular beliefs and why it does so. from journals https://ift.tt/2XfRFvD

(Neuron 105, 975–991.e1–e7; March 18, 2020) from journals https://ift.tt/2Xl2X22

(Neuron 106, 108–125.e1–e12; April 8, 2020) from journals https://ift.tt/3e4zakS

This case-control study examines the inflammatory CNS event outcome among patients with an autoimmune disease who were treated with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors. from journals https://ift.tt/2AIx8IB

This randomized clinical trial examines the differences in recovery, mortality, and other clinical results of endovascular treatment with guideline-based standard medical care vs standard medical care alone provided to patients with cerebral venous thrombosis. from journals https://ift.tt/2Tm3ZJS

This case report describes a man with paraneoplastic neurological syndrome with paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis and small cell lung cancer who also had unusual pathophysiological features visible on magnetic resonance imaging. from journals https://ift.tt/2yDC553

This diagnostic study examines the use of RO948 F 18 in tau positron emission tomographic imaging as a diagnostic marker for identification of Alzheimer disease compared with magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid measures. from journals https://ift.tt/2WnShQT

This cohort study compares the use of rituximab in patients with refractory and new-onset generalized myasthenia gravis as well as in patients receiving conventional immunotherapy. from journals https://ift.tt/3c4eSr0

This case report describes a 47-year-old man with Meniere disease with recurrent vertigo that caused Tumarkin drop attacks. from journals https://ift.tt/3aZrluF

This Viewpoint discusses white matter degeneration as a potentially treatable target for reducing cognitive impairment and dementia. from journals https://ift.tt/2W1INcH

This diagnostic study explores whether positron emission tomography with [18F]flortaucipir can detect tau pathology and Alzheimer disease neuropathologic changes in terminally ill adults with or without dementia. from journals https://ift.tt/2zAIs9f

To the Editor An observational study of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in acute minor neurological symptoms revealed imaging evidence for acute infarction in 13.5% and revision of clinical diagnosis in 30%. This “implies a considerable percentage of patients’ negative MRI findings resulted in a different diagnosis, likely that a presumed stroke did not exist.” This conclusion is misleading in 2 respects. from journals https://ift.tt/2ROSLg4

This Viewpoint describes the reasons for and reality of a rapid advance towards telemedicine in neurology during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. from journals https://ift.tt/2yLYtIM

In this issue of Neuron, Lahiri and Bevan (2020) investigate the effects of dopamine release on striatal projection neurons. Using perforated patch recordings and optogenetics, they show that dopamine release persistently enhances the intrinsic excitability of direct pathway striatal neurons. from journals https://ift.tt/2VMiYgB

In this issue of Neuron, Gridchyn et al. (2020) show that by inhibiting memory reactivations of hippocampal place maps during rest, these maps are lost but re-emerge during re-learning, suggesting that alternative extrahippocampal representations can reinstate the original hippocampal map. from journals https://ift.tt/3auwoTu

In this issue of Neuron, Wu et al. (2020) provide evidence of a novel role for the premotor cortex in maintaining the context-dependent information necessary for mice to solve a delayed match to sample task. from journals https://ift.tt/3cDB0Z1