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Showing posts from January, 2020

Neuroimaging evaluation and successful treatment by using directional deep brain stimulation and levodopa in a patient with GNAO1-associated movement disorder: A case report

GNAO1 mutations cause early infantile epileptic encephalopathy 17 [1] and neurodevelopmental disorder with involuntary movements without epileptic seizure (NEDIM) [2]. Most patients with NEDIM develop severe choreoathetosis, dystonia, and hypotonia. from Journal of the Neurological Sciences https://ift.tt/3aUL5AZ
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New light shed on neuronal circuits involved in behavior, learning and dysfunction

New findings about dopaminergic neurons in the striatum could have implications for treating Parkinson's disease and Tourette syndrome. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/36KbvSK
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Want to change your personality? It may not be easy to do alone

Changing aspects of your personality, such as becoming more extroverted or conscientious, can be difficult to achieve based on desire alone. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2RL9UYr
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Brain imaging provides little insight in insanity evaluation

Neuroimaging technology has limited applicability when assessing a defendant's sanity, a new study reports. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/31fY8s1
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Study clarifies genetic autism risk in PTEN patients

Copy number variants may act as genetic modifiers that influence the risk of autism and developmental delay versus cancer risk in people with PTEN mutations. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2OwD77F
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The scent of a rose improves learning during sleep

The smell of roses while learning and during sleep helps increase memory and learning skills. The study reports a significant increase in learning success by 30% if a person is exposed to the smell of roses during both learning and sleep phases. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2Ug5meu
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Early‐motor phenotype relates to neuropsychiatric and cognitive disorders in huntington’s disease

Congratulations Drs. P. Julayanont, K. Heilman & N. McFarland on the publication of “Early‐motor phenotype relates to neuropsychiatric and cognitive disorders in huntington’s disease,” in the January 10th edition of Movement Disorders. ABSTRACT Objective To determine the relationships between the motor phenotype and the presence of specific neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological disorders in patients with early motor‐manifest Huntington’s disease (HD). Methods From the Enroll‐HD study, 3,505 individuals with HD who had ≤5 years of motor symptoms were classified based on the predefined parkinsonism/chorea index into chorea‐dominant (n = 1125), parkinsonism‐dominant (n = 867), and mixed‐motor phenotype (n = 1513) groups. An analysis was performed on the results of the short Problem Behaviors Assessment. This test assesses patients for neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression, irritability/aggression, apathy, obsessive‐compulsive behaviors, and psychosis as well as cogn...
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Immune response in brain and spinal cord could offer clues to treating neurological diseases

Microglia can interfere with macrophages, preventing the movement of these blood immune cells to injury sites. The findings could help in the development of new treatments for multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and spinal cord injury. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2S5Q495
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Vision may be the real cause of children’s problems

Visual processing problems in children have been linked to dyslexia, problems with motor skills, and difficulties in mathematics. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2uMdKYp
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Patterns in the brain shed new light on how we function

The way neurons are structured, and the patterns they make can be used to explain how they behave and function. The findings have implications for creating intelligent robots. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2RFz6iX
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People may lie to appear honest

The desire to appear honest can lead people to lie, researchers report. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/38YFzvr
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Study links rapid brain growth in autism to DNA damage

Neural progenitor cells generated from skin cell samples of people on the autism spectrum had heightened levels of DNA damage. The damage clustered in 36 of the same genes which had also been damaged in healthy cells exposed to replication stress. Twenty of the genes have previously been linked to the development of autism. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2GEiX74
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What makes fear decrease?

Fear and physiological tension can be reduced by the mere presence of another person, even if the person is unknown and does not offer support. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/316VpRO
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7th Annual UF Health Shands Stroke Conference April 18, 2020

Join us for the 7th Annual Stroke Conference!   This year’s event will focus on science, technology and practical application in order to equip participants with the tools needed to deliver high quality, evidence-based, patient centered stroke care. Physician, Nursing, Physical Therapy, Radiography, and Occupational Therapy credits available! Topics Include: Pharmacotherapy: Tenecteplase vs. Alteplase Management of Cerebral Edema Advances in Atrial Fibrillation Extended Acute Treatment Window for Stroke Challenging Large Vessel Acute Stroke Case Studies Hematologic Disorders and Stroke And More! We are accepting abstracts for poster presentations. Submit yours on our website! (Deadline is April 3, 2020) Featuring Keynote Speaker: Jose Romano, MD Professor of Neurology and Chief of the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Stroke Division from Department of Neurology » College of Medicine » University of Florida https://ift.tt/36LtJ6o
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New Insights Into the Association Between APOE ε4 and Soccer Heading

Soccer is perhaps the most popular sport on the planet, with the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) estimating that 4% of the world’s population plays the game. Although most ball contacts are made with the lower limbs, headers, when the ball is intentionally hit with the head instead of the foot, are frequent plays. When the head makes contact with another mobile object, there is, of course, a possibility for brain injury. Historical and recent research suggests that sports with exposure to repetitive head impacts (RHIs), such as US football and boxing, are associated with neurodegenerative diseases, including chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Professional soccer has recently been associated with higher mortality associated with neurodegenerative disease, but lower rates of cardiovascular disease. from journals https://ift.tt/2uDYmwU
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Genetics contributes to mental health risks in adoptees

Study reports a slightly elevated genetic risk of depression, schizophrenia, and neuroticism among adoptees. However, no association was found between the interaction of genetics and adoption on mental health. While adopted children had a slightly elevated risk for mental health disorders, the adoption process did not appear to increase the impact of the genetic risk. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2Gvq9T0
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Brain networks come ‘online’ during adolescence to prepare teenagers for adult life

Functional connectivity in the human brain changes in two distinct ways during adolescence. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/314AlLG
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New injection technique may boost spinal cord injury repair efforts

Researchers have developed a new method for delivering neural precursor cells into rat models of spinal cord injury. The method is safe, effective, and reduces the likelihood of further spinal trauma while delivering larger doses of reparative stem cells. The new approach could also be used for the treatment of ALS and multiple sclerosis. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/313GKqB
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Study challenges assumptions about social interaction difficulties in autism

Successful social interactions for adults on the autism spectrum revolve around partner compatibility, not just the skill set of the other person. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2RXg5Yg
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Sex pheromone named after Jane Austen character alters brain in mouse courtship

Darcin, a sex pheromone named after Jane Austen's famous Mr. Darcy, alters cells in the brain's emotional center of female mice, giving them the power to assess sexual readiness and help with mate selection. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2U3Q7oJ
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Neural effects of acute stress on appetite

Acute stress suppresses appetite, and the suppression is associated with alterations in neural activity in the frontal pole. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/36ElLf7
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Link between autism and cognitive impairment discovered

Study identifies a short gene segment crucial for brain development and information processing. The absence of the gene segment induces altered social behaviors, learning difficulties, and memory deficits, which are hallmarks of a subset of ASD. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/315Ze9V
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How CBD takes effect in the brains of people with psychosis

During memory tasks, people with psychosis have different patterns of activity in the prefrontal and mediotemporal brain areas compared to those without the disorder. When exposed to cannabidiol (CBD), the activity of the brain areas became more like those seen in the controls for people with psychosis. Patients reported a decrease in symptoms of psychosis following one dose of CBD. Researchers stress that no definitive conclusions could be made about the effectiveness of CBD use over a sustained period. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/38PHAtw
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“Brain Inhibitory Function for Coordinator Motor Control”

Clinical Transitional Aging Research Seminar with Dr. Rachael Seidler, PhD. Tuesday February 4, 12:00 – 1:00 pm Clinical and Translational Research Building, Room 2161 from Department of Neurology » College of Medicine » University of Florida https://ift.tt/36G6L05
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NICU babies have greater risk of mental health issues

Children who were admitted to NICUs as babies are twice as likely to be diagnosed with mental health problems, including ADHD, phobias, and separation anxiety. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/319rPLC
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Third Reich’s legacy tied to present-day xenophobia and political intolerance

Study finds evidence that present-day Germans who live close to World War Two concentration camp sites are more xenophobic, more likely to support extreme right-wing politics, and less tolerant to immigrants and religious minorities. A similar link was previously established in the US between extreme political beliefs, racism, and living in close proximity to areas where owning slaves was the norm. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2O6ShQO
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Non-invasive electrostimulation leads to improved memory

Non-invasive auricular transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (atVNS), applied to an accessible area of the ear, improves memory in mouse models of intellectual disability. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2tMkCF3
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AI analyzed blood test can predict the progression of neurodegenerative disease

Combining artificial intelligence technology and blood samples, researchers were able to predict and explain the progression of Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease. The new algorithm was able to detect alterations in gene expression over decades from patients' blood samples. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/37y67mU
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Research offers promise for treating schizophrenia

Targeting one specific symptom of schizophrenia has a positive effect on other symptoms. Treating avolition, or reduced motivation has a positive effect on the other negative symptoms associated with schizophrenia. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2vpu15D
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Squid brains approach that of dogs

The first MRI-based mapping of the squid brain yields 145 new connections and pathways, 60% of which are linked to the motor and visual systems. The new brain map brings researchers one step closer to understanding how the squid can instantly camouflage itself. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/36v20Xb
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Mouse brain region processes sound and motion at the same time

Movement and sound are processed simultaneously in the inferior colliculus, a new mouse study reveals. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2t1pENk
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Eating disorders linked to exercise addiction

Exercise addiction is almost four times as common in those with eating disorders. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2RyDoIT
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Walnuts may slow cognitive decline in at-risk elderly

Adding walnuts to your diet could help protect against age-related cognitive decline, a new study reports. Walnuts contain polyphenols and omega-3 fatty acids, which counteract the oxidative stress and inflammation that contribute to cognitive decline. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2uBvZjd
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Fundamentals of Machine Learning

Author: Thomas Trappenberg ISBN: 9780198828044 Binding: Paperback Publication Date: 28 January 2020 Price: $39.95 from journals https://ift.tt/2RTLCdN
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Teaching NeuroImages: CNS pituitary-hypothalamic Langerhans cell histiocytosis in an adult

A 66-year-old man presented with a 6-month history of worsening confusion and panhypopituitarism. MRI showed a 1.7-cm enhancing mass involving the infundibulum and hypothalamus. 1 Total body PET scan showed isolated uptake in the hypothalamus (standardized uptake value 25.3) (figure 1). Full body CT, lumbar puncture, and infectious workup were negative. Endoscopic transventricular biopsies were performed. Microscopy revealed gliotic hypothalamus with clusters of cells with elongated grooved nuclei positive for CD1a, Langerin, BRAF ( V600E ), CD68, CD163, and S-100 by immunohistochemistry and negative for Grocott methenamine silver, Gram stain, acid-fast bacilli, Warthin-Starry, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, Epstein-Barr virus, and β-amyloid, confirming the diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (figure 2). The finding of BRAF (V600E) positivity is important diagnostically and as a potential therapeutic target. 2 from Neurology recent issues https://ift.tt/2tXm47n
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New look at odd holes involved in taste, Alzheimer’s, and asthma

Microscopy study sheds light on the function of two calcium homeostasis modulators. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2RwNlH2
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Prescription drug improves symptoms of autism by targeting brain’s chemical messengers

A drug commonly prescribed for edema improves the symptoms for young children on the autism spectrum with no significant side effects. The drug, bumetanide, decreases the ratio of GABA to glutamate in the brain. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2GuBiDK
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Children to bear the burden of negative health effects from climate change

Study reports increased temperatures due to climate change will negatively affect both the general health and mental health of humanity. Children's health will be most affected by climate change, researchers report. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2GpYIdi
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The brain may need iron for healthy cognitive development

Iron levels in the basal ganglia steadily increase throughout development and, in two sub-regions, continue to increase into adulthood. Decreased levels of iron in the putamen was correlated with impaired cognitive performance involving reasoning and spatial processing. Findings suggest the brain requires iron for healthy cognitive development. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2Uc5FHd
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How personality predicts seeing others as sex objects

Those with dark personality traits such as psychopathy, sadism, low affective empathy, narcissism, cold-heartedness, and meanness, are more likely to sexually objectify those of the opposite sex. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2t3oSzB
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Parkinson’s disease may start before birth

10% of patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease are between the ages of 21 and 50. For those with young-onset Parkinson's disease, researchers report the foundations for the disease may have been apparent before they were born. The study also points to a drug, currently approved to treat precancerous skin growths, that has the potential to reduce elevated levels of alpha-synuclein. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2GsVPIK
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Do risky behaviours predispose to Parkinson’s disease?

Risky behaviors and Parkinson disease: a mendelian randomization study. Grover S, Lill CM, Kasten M, Klein C, Del Greco M F, König IR. Neurology 2019; 93:e1412-e1424. Abstract OBJECTIVE: To examine causal associations between risky behavior phenotypes and Parkinson disease using a mendelian randomization approach. METHODS: We used 2-sample mendelian randomization to generate unconfounded estimates using […] via Do risky behaviours predispose to Parkinson’s disease? — Neurochecklists Blog from The Neurology Lounge https://ift.tt/3aMyz6n
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Vessel Wall Thickening and Enhancement in High-Resolution Intracranial Vessel Wall Imaging: A Predictor of Future Ischemic Events in Moyamoya Disease

Fellows’ Journal Club Twenty-nine patients with Moyamoya disease were enrolled in this study. The median age at symptom onset was 12 years. A total of 166 steno-occlusive lesions were detected by high-resolution intracranial vessel wall imaging. Eleven lesions with concentric wall thickening (6.6%) were noted in 9 patients. Ten concentric contrast-enhancing lesions were observed in 8 patients, of which 4 lesions in 3 patients showed grade II enhancement. The presence of contrast enhancement and wall thickening showed a statistically significant association with ischemic events within 3 months before and after the vessel wall imaging. The presence of wall thickening and enhancement may predict future ischemic events in patients with MMD. Abstract A , Flair axial section showing right ACA and MCA territory cortical infarct and multiple discrete MCA-ACA watershed infarct on the left side. B , DSA, showing tight stenosis of the distal ICA, with concomitant narrowing of proximal MC...
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Left thalamus infarction in the thalamotuberal artery perfusion area causing subcortical diaschisis and transcortical sensory aphasia

The thalamus is related to language function, and some thalamic stroke cases can cause aphasia [1]. However, most previous cases reporting thalamic damage-induced ipsilateral subcortical diaschisis and aphasia were hemorrhagic stroke [1,2]. Only a few left thalamus infarction cases showed cortical hypoperfusion concerned with the aphasia, but no single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or thalamic nucleus data were available [3]. Thus, aphasia pathology due to cortical hypoperfusion following thalamus infarction, especially with respect to thalamic nuclei, is still unknown. from Journal of the Neurological Sciences https://ift.tt/2uzzLcA
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Associations of serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels with clinical and radiological outcomes in multiple sclerosis, a systematic review and meta-analysis

Vitamin D supplementation is recommended for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, a recent meta-analysis based on low-quality trials suggested no evidence of supplementation benefit. A systematic review and meta-analysis of high-quality observational cohort studies should provide us further evidences. from Journal of the Neurological Sciences https://ift.tt/3aHthZZ
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Shaping the social networks of neurons

Researchers have identified a protein complex that both attracts and repels neurons during brain development. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2ut6UXv
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Fonts in campaign communications have liberal or conservative leanings

Individuals perceive certain fonts used on political campaign signs as having partisan leanings. The more people view a font as aligned with their ideology, the more they favor it. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/30TEq5d
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High air pollution exposure in 1-year-olds’ linked to structural brain changes at age 12

Early-life exposure to high levels of traffic-related air pollution alters the structure of the brain at age 12. Children exposed to air pollution had reduced cortical thickness and gray matter volume compared to children who were not exposed to high levels of pollution. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2t1787Y
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First treatment for pain using human stem cells a success

Transplanting GABAergic cells derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells into mice resulted in safe, lasting, and effective relief from extreme neuropathic pain. Researchers hope to begin human testing within five years. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/37tjNiO
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Lithium may halt Alzheimer’s progression

More commonly associated with treating bipolar disorder, microdoses of lithium may halt the progression of Alzheimer's disease. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2TWWj1S
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Silicon Valley’s latest fad is dopamine fasting – and that may not be as crazy as it sounds

Advocates of dopamine fasting claim it can help curb addictive behaviors and make daily life more pleasurable. Researchers explore the potential benefits of this new Silicon Valley trend. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2TZSCbx
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Prediction of Hemorrhage after Successful Recanalization in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke: Improved Risk Stratification Using Dual-Energy CT Parenchymal Iodine Concentration Ratio Relative to the Superior Sagittal Sinus

Editor’s Choice The authors evaluated whether, in acute ischemic stroke, iodine concentration within contrast-stained parenchyma compared with an internal reference in the superior sagittal sinus on dual-energy CT could predict subsequent intracerebral hemorrhage in 71 patients. Forty-three of 71 patients had parenchymal hyperdensity on initial dual-energy CT. The median relative iodine concentration compared with the superior sagittal sinus was significantly higher in those with subsequent intracerebral hemorrhage (137.9% versus 109.2%). They conclude that in dual-energy CT performed within 1 hour following thrombectomy that the relative iodine concentration within contrast-stained brain parenchyma compared with that in the superior sagittal sinus was a more reliable predictor of ICH compared with the absolute maximum iodine concentration. Abstract BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A , A small (0.1 cm2) ROI was placed in the superior sagittal sinus for normalization of contrast. B , In...
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How emotions are mapped in the brain

Neuroimaging reveals the entire set of human emotions is topographically located in the right temporoparietal junction. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2RmrTnP
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