NEURO

Using the Big Five model of personality traits, researchers found smokers were more likely to experience an increase in neuroticism over time. Quitting smoking did not have an impact on altering the negative personality traits. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2Yjc825

Several infections have been linked to increased risk of ischemic stroke. The strongest link was found between urinary tract infections, which increased stroke risk by more than three times within 30 days of infection. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2Xjhwpx

People with multiple sclerosis may have a greater overall risk of developing cancer than those without the autoimmune disease. The highest risks are associated with respiratory, urinary and central nervous system cancers. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2ZThn90

Listeners can correctly identify whether pairs of screams originate from the same person or two different people. Findings suggest human screams convey a level of individual identity and shed new light on their evolutionary origin. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2ZWtv9h

A newly discovered subset of dendritic cells have been implicated in sexually transmitted HIV infection. The CD11c+ dendritic cells are found in human genital tissue at the epithelial level. They are the first immune cells to interact with the HIV virus. The cells directly transfer the virus to CD4 T cells, making them key drivers in HIV transmission. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2Ym2D2f

A new blood test to detect biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease is set to undergo trials in the Fall. The test will be able to identify traces of amyloid beta in blood samples with a high degree of accuracy. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2Yn7i3J

National institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and the presence of successful recanalization are crucial determinants of clinical outcome in patients with major artery occlusion. However, it is unknown whether successful recanalization rate after endovascular therapy (EVT) depends on NIHSS score. from Journal of the Neurological Sciences https://ift.tt/2XhBwZL

Huggable, a social robot teddy bear, helps to improve various health and emotional outcomes for children in hospital. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2RLuHJD

Paradoxical lucidity, the phenomenon where some with severe dementia suddenly regain their memory and exhibit normal behaviors immediately prior to death, may help shed new light on the mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2NnNCMl

Elevated levels of inhibited temperament in childhood may reflect a vulnerability for developing schizophrenia. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2KMT35e

By eleven months, infants hold language dependent expectations of a speaker's ethnicity. The study suggests babies make connections between languages based on the individuals they encounter in their environments. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2KMQHDq

A 3D printed hand which uses a computer interface to learn can replicate hand movements. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2ZVwYoC

Near-death experiences (NDEs) including hallucinations, out-of-body sensations and time distortions, affect around 10% of people, a new study reports. 72% of people overall who experienced NDEs say their experience was unpleasant. Researchers found an association between NDEs and REM sleep intrusion into wakefulness, resulting in sleep paralysis and hallucinations. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2Nw6wAO

This randomized clinical trial examines whether a treatment targeting arm movement delivered via a home-based telerehabilitation system has comparable efficacy with dose-matched, intensity-matched therapy delivered in a traditional in-clinic setting for adults following stroke. from journals https://ift.tt/2XGYgl7

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Neurocritical care combines the management of extremely complex disease states with the inherent limitations of clinically assessing patients with brain injury. As the management of neurocritical care patients can be immensely complicated, the automation of data-collection and basic management by artificial intelligence systems have garnered interest. from Journal of the Neurological Sciences https://ift.tt/2REqgQQ

Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive compound extract of marijuana, has the potential to be used as an antibiotic. Researchers found CBD was remarkably effective at killing a wide range of Gram-positive bacteria, including bacteria that are resistant to common antibiotics. Additionally, CBD does not lose its effectiveness after extended treatment. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2Yt0S32

A newly developed vaccine for meningitis and other bloodstream infections caused by the meningococcal group B bacteria will allow for the immunization of younger children. The new vaccine also addresses several limitations of the current meningitis vaccine. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2KSdVZ5

A new, comprehensive database of gene activity in mice, which incorporates ten disease models, could significantly reduce the need for animal testing. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2xkw60s

Study reveals 412 counties, mainly in the Midwest and South, are at the highest risk of opioid deaths in the US. Researchers propose new strategies for improving treatment for opioid addiction. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/321Z43h

This corss-sectional diagnostic study evaluates the accuracy of fully automated plasma assays in measuring plasma β-amyloid and tau in patients with and without cognitive impairment in the Swedish BioFINDER study and an independent validation cohort. from journals https://ift.tt/2XtlM59

Blood-based biomarkers have the potential to revolutionize clinical practice and clinical trials in Alzheimer disease (AD). However, to date, this “holy grail” opportunity has not been realized owing to a broad range of issues, including the lack of a clearly defined context of use (COU), lack of standardization of methods, and numerous failures at replication. Recently, however, a shift in the paradigm has occurred, with my colleagues and I proposing specific COUs for blood-based biomarkers along with potential paradigms for advancing from discovery to clinic and potential acceptable standards. from journals https://ift.tt/2X56wqI

An association has been discovered between cognitive decline and social engagement in older adults. Older people who are less socially active have a greater accumulation of amyloid beta and increased cognitive decline over a three-year span, compared to more socially active peers. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2ZPGKbG

This corss-sectional diagnostic study evaluates the accuracy of fully automated plasma assays in measuring plasma β-amyloid and tau in patients with and without cognitive impairment in the Swedish BioFINDER study and an independent validation cohort. from journals https://ift.tt/2XtlM59

Blood-based biomarkers have the potential to revolutionize clinical practice and clinical trials in Alzheimer disease (AD). However, to date, this “holy grail” opportunity has not been realized owing to a broad range of issues, including the lack of a clearly defined context of use (COU), lack of standardization of methods, and numerous failures at replication. Recently, however, a shift in the paradigm has occurred, with my colleagues and I proposing specific COUs for blood-based biomarkers along with potential paradigms for advancing from discovery to clinic and potential acceptable standards. from journals https://ift.tt/2X56wqI

Researchers have identified neurons in the brains of praying mantises that are able to compute 3D direction and distance. The findings may help to develop better technology for machine and robotic vision. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2YizPaH

Teens who can differentiate their negative emotions, rather than generalize how they feel, are less prone to depression. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2IVV5xM

This corss-sectional diagnostic study evaluates the accuracy of fully automated plasma assays in measuring plasma β-amyloid and tau in patients with and without cognitive impairment in the Swedish BioFINDER study and an independent validation cohort. from journals https://ift.tt/2XtlM59

Blood-based biomarkers have the potential to revolutionize clinical practice and clinical trials in Alzheimer disease (AD). However, to date, this “holy grail” opportunity has not been realized owing to a broad range of issues, including the lack of a clearly defined context of use (COU), lack of standardization of methods, and numerous failures at replication. Recently, however, a shift in the paradigm has occurred, with my colleagues and I proposing specific COUs for blood-based biomarkers along with potential paradigms for advancing from discovery to clinic and potential acceptable standards. from journals https://ift.tt/2X56wqI

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This corss-sectional diagnostic study evaluates the accuracy of fully automated plasma assays in measuring plasma β-amyloid and tau in patients with and without cognitive impairment in the Swedish BioFINDER study and an independent validation cohort. from journals https://ift.tt/2XtlM59

Blood-based biomarkers have the potential to revolutionize clinical practice and clinical trials in Alzheimer disease (AD). However, to date, this “holy grail” opportunity has not been realized owing to a broad range of issues, including the lack of a clearly defined context of use (COU), lack of standardization of methods, and numerous failures at replication. Recently, however, a shift in the paradigm has occurred, with my colleagues and I proposing specific COUs for blood-based biomarkers along with potential paradigms for advancing from discovery to clinic and potential acceptable standards. from journals https://ift.tt/2X56wqI

Music may help children with hearing impairments to develop spoken language skills. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2YjwhVM

Short pulses of pink noise played during slow-wave sleep can help improve memory consolidation for those with mild cognitive impairment. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2xsYGwZ

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Purpose of review To give an update on recent imaging studies probing positron emission tomography (PET) as a tool for improving biomarker-guided diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disorders. Recent findings Several studies confirmed the value of imaging of regional neuronal activity and imaging of dopaminergic, serotonergic, and other neuroreceptor function in the diagnostic process of neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly schizophrenia, depression/bipolar disorder, substance use disorders, obsessive compulsive disorders (OCD), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Additionally, imaging brain microglial activation using translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) radiotracer allows for unique in-vivo insights into pathophysiological neuroinflammatory changes underlying schizophrenia, affective disorders, and OCD. Summary The role of PET imaging in the biomarker-guided diagnostic process of neuropsychiatric disorders has been increasingly acknowledged in recent years. Future prospective s...

Purpose of review To give an update on recent findings concerning the use of PET for differential diagnosis in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disorders manifesting on a behavioural level. Recent findings Although accurate differential diagnosis of dementia can be achieved by imaging disease-specific patterns of cerebral glucose metabolism with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG)-PET, the diagnostic impact of [18F]FDG-PET in primary psychiatric disorders is limited. Amyloid-beta PET provides an incremental value beyond [18F]FDG-PET in the differential diagnosis of dementia and was proposed as a biomarker defining the so-called Alzheimer continuum. Recently developed tau-specific tracers might also aid in the diagnostic process (biological definition of Alzheimer's disease together with amyloid-beta). Surpassing the diagnostic accuracy of other techniques, such as MRI, [18F]FDG-PET has also gained widespread clinical use for diagnosis and follow-up of paraneoplastic and autoi...

Purpose of review The goal of our nation-wide initiative is to provide clinicians intuitive and robust tools for accurate diagnosis, therapy monitoring and prognosis of cognitive decline that is based on large-scale multidomain data. Recent findings We describe a federation framework that allows for statistical analysis of aggregated brain imaging and clinical phenotyping data across memory clinics in Switzerland. The adaptation and deployment of readily available data capturing and federation modules is paralleled by developments in ontology, quality and regulatory control of brain imaging data. Our initiative incentivizes data sharing through the common resource in a way that provides individual researcher with access to large-scale data that surpasses the data acquisition capacity of a single centre. Clinicians benefit from fine-grained epidemiological characterization of own data compared with the rest additional to intuitive tools allowing for computer-based diagnosis of dementia....

No abstract available from Current Opinion in Neurology - Current Issue https://ift.tt/2xfjVSu

Purpose of review To summarize the current state of art of gene therapy for Parkinson's disease. Recent findings Introduction of the gene for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) into the subthalamic nucleus was successful in a randomized, double-blind clinical trial and recent data from PET imaging identified novel brain networks underlying both sham surgery and therapeutic responses in treated participants. Two other approaches use viral vectors to increase dopamine transmission in the striatum. Both strategies are being studied in active trials and have recently reported promising responses in human participants. New strategies in Parkinson's disease are focused upon targeting the underlying pathogenesis in those with genetic defects thought to be the cause of disease. Finally, noninvasive focused ultrasound is currently being tested for lesioning in Parkinson's disease patients, but this same technology can be used to transiently open the blood–brain barrier, raising the p...

Purpose of review In the last 7 years, changes in five genes [SLC20A2, PDGFRB, PDGFB, XPR1, and MYORG] have been implicated in the pathogenesis of primary familial brain calcification (PFBC), allowing for genetic delineation of this phenotypically complex neurodegenerative disorder. This review explores how the ensuing plethora of reported PFBC patients and their disease-causing variants improved our understanding of disease, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, and penetrance. Recent findings In PFBC patients, pathogenic changes have been most frequently described in SLC20A2, accounting for approximately the same number of patients as the variants in the other four PFBC genes combined. There is no appreciable relationship between any combination of the following three variables: the type of disease-causing change, the pattern or extent of calcifications, and the presence or nature of clinical manifestation in PFBC patients. Nevertheless, elucidation of underlying genetic factors prov...

Purpose of review In this review, we discuss the most recent evidence on mechanisms underlying pathological nociceptive processing in Parkinson's disease patients, as well as novel treatment strategies. Recent findings In Parkinson's disease, specific neurodegenerative changes may cause alterations in nociceptive processing at multiple levels. Optimization of dopaminergic therapies should always be the first step in the management of Parkinson's disease pain. Reportedly, rotigotine transdermal patch, a monoamine oxidase type B inhibitor safinamide (as an add-on therapy to levodopa), subcutaneous apomorphine and intrajejunal levodopa infusion therapy may have a beneficial effect on pain sensations in Parkinson's disease patients. Among the nondopaminergic pharmacological therapies, prolonged-release oxycodone/naloxone and duloxetine may be effective in the treatment of chronic pain in Parkinson's disease. Botulinum toxin (BTX) injections should be considered for the ...

Purpose of review GBA1 mutations, which result in the lysosomal disorder Gaucher disease, are the most common known genetic risk factor for Parkinson disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB). The pathogenesis of this association is not fully understood, but further elucidation of this link could lead to new therapeutic options. Recent findings The characteristic clinical phenotype of GBA1-PD resembles sporadic Parkinson disease, but with an earlier onset and more severe course. Many different GBA1 mutations increase the risk of Parkinson disease, some primarily detected in specific populations. Glucocerebrosidase deficiency appears to be associated with increased α-synuclein aggregation and accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction because of impaired autophagy, and increased endoplasmic reticulum stress. Summary As our understanding of GBA1-associated Parkinson disease increases, new treatment opportunities emerge. MicroRNA profiles are providing examples of both up-regulated and dow...

Purpose of review Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative tauopathy diagnosed postmortem by pathological examination. The clinical presentation of corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is an apraxic, dystonic, and rigid limb with asymmetrical cortical signs and myoclonus. However, less than half of the patients with CBS receive a CBD diagnosis. As tau-lowering therapies have entered clinical trials, improved antemortem diagnosis of CBD is needed. Here, clinicopathological, neuroimaging, and biofluid data in CBS and/or CBD patients are briefly summarized and some knowledge gaps identified. Recent findings Developments of MRI-based and nuclear medicine imaging modalities have increased pathophysiological insights of CBS and may improve diagnostic accuracy. In particular, several tau-PET ligands have been evaluated in CBS patients. Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma levels of neurofilament light chain can distinguish CBS from Parkinson's disease but not from other...

Purpose of review Our understanding of X-Linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism (XDP) has advanced considerably in recent years because of a wealth of new data describing its genetic basis, cellular phenotypes, neuroimaging features, and response to deep brain stimulation (DBS). This review provides a concise summary of these studies. Recent findings XDP is associated with a SINE-VNTR-Alu (SVA)-type retrotransposon insertion within the TAF1 gene. This element includes a hexameric DNA repeat expansion, (CCCTCT)n, the length of which varies among patients and is inversely correlated to age of disease onset. In cell models, the SVA alters TAF1 splicing and reduces levels of full-length transcript. Neuroimaging data have confirmed previous neuropathology studies that XDP involves a progressive striatal atrophy, while further detecting functional alterations in additional brain regions. In patients exhibiting features of both dystonia and parkinsonism, pallidal DBS has resulted in rapid improvement o...

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Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to highlight the origin and evolution of the field of neurodevelopmental disabilities and describe the main construct(s) upon which the current classification of neurodevelopmental disorders is based. Recent findings We address the following questions: Are neurodevelopmental disorders independent entities? Why is it desirable to understand the neurobiological substrate for these disorders? What new knowledge have we generated by leveraging advances in neuroscience, genetics, and neuroimaging? And finally, is the current construct, that is based on functional classification, still useful? Summary As our biological understanding of brain-behavior disorders evolves, we ought to re-evaluate the current classification system and expand it into a multidimensional classification that takes into account behavioral profiles and underlying mechanisms. from Current Opinion in Neurology - Current Issue https://ift.tt/2xf9Wg7

Purpose of review To review advances in structural and functional MRI studies regarding the neural underpinnings of social atypicalities in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Recent findings According to the hypothesis that the social brain network, which includes brain regions, such as the amygdala and superior temporal sulcus, may be atypical in ASD, recent structural MRI studies have identified regional gray matter volume abnormalities in the social brain regions in ASD groups compared with the typically developing groups. Studies evaluating gray matter volume covariance and white matter volume/integrity suggested network-level abnormalities associated with the social brain regions. Recent functional MRI studies assessing resting-state neural activity showed reduced functional connectivity among the social brain regions in individuals with ASD compared with typically developing groups. Similarly, task-based functional MRI studies recently revealed a reduction in regional activity and i...

Purpose of review There continues to be more males than females diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders, which may provide clues about their cause. This review will focus on the two most common neurodevelopmental disorders – autism spectrum disorder (autism) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and explore recent research to understand recent developments in the field. Recent findings Biological mechanisms including genetics, hormones and their interaction with other risk factors, such as stress and lead exposure, point to complex causal pathways for neurodevelopmental disorders. Over recent years, the research focus on sex differences in symptom profiles in autism has continued; however, a meta-analysis of existing studies indicated minimal sex differences in core autism symptoms. In ADHD, changes in the sex ratio from disparity in childhood to parity in adulthood may relate to the onset and trajectory of hyperactivity symptoms in females. Research into medical and...

Purpose of review Recent advances in genetic technologies allowed researchers to identify large numbers of candidate risk genes associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Both strongly penetrant rare variants and the accumulation of common variants with much weaker penetrance contribute to the cause of ASD. To identify the highly confident candidate genes, software and resources have been applied, and functional evaluation of the variants has provided further insights for ASD pathophysiology. These studies ultimately identify the molecular and circuit alteration underlying the behavioral abnormalities in ASD. In this review, we introduce the recent genetic and genomic findings and functional approaches for ASD variants providing a deeper understanding of the etiology of ASD. Recent findings Integrated meta-analysis that recruited a larger number of ASD cases has helped to prioritize ASD candidate genes or genetic loci into highly confidence candidate genes for further investigatio...

Purpose of review Research on the pathophysiology of syndromic autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has contributed to the uncovering of mechanisms in nonsyndromic ASD. The current review aims to compare recent progress in therapeutics development for ASD with those for fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most frequent monogenic form of ASD. Recent findings Although candidates such as oxytocin, vasopressin, and cannabinoids are being tested as novel therapeutics, it remains difficult to focus on a specific molecular target of drug development for ASD core symptoms. As the pathophysiology of FXS has been well described as having a causal gene, fragile X mental retardation-1, development of therapeutic agents for FXS is focused on specific molecular targets, such as metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 and GABAB receptor. Summary There is a large unmet medical need in ASD, a heterogeneous and clinically defined behavioral syndrome, owing to its high prevalence in the general population, lifelong cognit...

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The autosomal recessive demyelinating form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth can be due to SH3TC2 gene pathogenic variants (CMT4C, AR-CMTde-SH3TC2). We report on a series of 13 patients with AR-CMTde-SH3TC2 among a French cohort of 350 patients suffering from all type of inheritance peripheral neuropathy. The SH3TC2 gene appeared to be the most frequently mutated gene for demyelinating neuropathy in this series by NGS. Four new pathogenic variants have been identified: two nonsense variants (p.(Tyr970*), p.(Trp1199*)) and two missense variants (p.(Leu1126Pro), p.(Ala1206Asp)). from Journal of the Neurological Sciences https://ift.tt/2Nq7RbY

In the past decade, a variety of medications have come on the market to treat relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Fingolimod, a functional antagonist of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptors, reduces relapse frequency, MRI activity and disease progression. However, several side effects have been described – notably, heart block, macular edema, transaminitis, and infections. Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) cutaneous reactivation (shingles) is a well-known complication, but VZV vasculopathy has only been reported once [1]. from Journal of the Neurological Sciences https://ift.tt/2KELgGx

Almost 20% of children develop facial or vocal tics by the time they are elementary school age. For many children, knowing others are watching them helps to reduce tic behaviors. A histor of anxiety disorder has been associated with tics in young children. Understanding more about tic behaviors in children may help to develop new strategies to help those with Tourette suppress tics. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/31XRwys

Exposure to viral infections in the brain during childhood has been linked to an increased risk of developing multiple sclerosis later in life. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2IOk4TI

Contrary to popular belief, using social media sites like Facebook can actually help improve mental health in adults. Researchers found adults who use Facebook regularly are 63% less likely to experience psychological distress, such as depression and anxiety, over time. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/31Zr3Rt

Women who experience migraines while pregnant are at increased risk of miscarriage, caesarean sections, preterm labor and delivering babies with low birth weight. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2RBafer

Reduced levels of an amino acid called betaine is associated with schizophrenia pathology. Supplementing betaine levels improved cognitive and behavioral deficits in mouse models of schizophrenia. The amino acid also reduced oxidative stress at the molecular level. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/31V0dda

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Findings from a new study may be especially useful for PD patients who lack easy access to neurologists, especially those who are mobility impaired or live in remote areas. from Front page feed https://ift.tt/2YdxM7O

Here, Bray et al. used a variety of transgenic mice to demonstrate high survival and regenerative ability of one neuronal type in the retina and show several factors within these neurons, including thrombospondin-1 and syndecan-1 that confer high regenerative capacity. from journals https://ift.tt/2ZMwD7z

Gut injection of α-synuclein fibrils converts endogenous α-synuclein to a pathologic species that spreads to the brain. This leads to features of Parkinson’s disease, and vagotomy and α-synuclein deficiency prevent the neuropathology and neurobehavioral deficits induced by transmitted pathological α-synuclein. from journals https://ift.tt/2FznNlQ

Pre-existing neural circuit function can predispose rats to different fearful responses to threat. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2KDl9jh

The size and shape of neural assemblies, and not the strength of signals processed by neurons or the order in which they fire, is the most critical element of recording episodic memory. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2IPs1rF

A new study adds to the growing body of evidence that Parkinson's disease may start in the gut. Researchers found gut-to-brain propagation of alpha-synuclein spread via the vagus nerve. The study provides a more accurate model of Parkinson's progression and could lead to new treatments to halt or prevent this neurodegenerative disease. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2KEUoet

Reviewing CCTV footage, researchers report in nine out of ten instances of public violence, bystanders will intervene to help the victim. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2ZRzY5A

Study reports those with progressive multiple sclerosis were more likely to experience deficits with Cognitive Theory of Mind. from Neuroscience News https://ift.tt/2FxMnng

This corss-sectional diagnostic study evaluates the accuracy of fully automated plasma assays in measuring plasma β-amyloid and tau in patients with and without cognitive impairment in the Swedish BioFINDER study and an independent validation cohort. from journals https://ift.tt/2XtlM59

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Hypertonic saline is superior to mannitol for the combined effect on intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure burdens in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Mangat HS, Wu X, Gerber LM, et al. Neurosurgery 2019 (Epub ahead of print). Abstract BACKGROUND: Hypertonic saline (HTS) and mannitol are effective in reducing intracranial pressure (ICP) after severe […] via Is hypertonic saline better than mannitol for traumatic brain injury? — Neurochecklists Blog from The Neurology Lounge https://ift.tt/2J6KdMl

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Neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) appear to regulate food intake. The neurons appear to form part of a network that controls appetite loss in mice. from Neuroscience News http://bit.ly/2YgD6Y8

Mice that experienced early life stress and later developed irritable bowel syndrome had significantly higher levels of intestinal stem cells and enterochromaffin (EC). Additionally, the mice expressed elevated secretion of serotonin as a result of the increased EC cell density. from Neuroscience News http://bit.ly/2RApvZ0

People have more control over how their emotions are influenced by others than previously thought. Researchers found people who wanted to stay calm when presented with upsetting stimuli remained unfazed by angry emotions expressed by others. However, when they wanted to feel angry, they were more highly influenced by others who were angry. from Neuroscience News http://bit.ly/2J6QPuf

Advanced imaging techniques visualize macrophages in brain tumors in mouse models of glioblastoma. from Neuroscience News http://bit.ly/2X6OzNq

The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) plays a critical role in guiding decisions in dynamic environments. Groman et al. use a directionally specific viral ablation approach to demonstrate that OFC circuits encode separable reinforcement-learning processes that guide decisions. from journals http://bit.ly/2RBwUY1

Farooq et al. demonstrate that time-compressed, internally generated sequential dynamics in the CA1 ensembles are modified by navigational experience primarily via persistent changes in experience-relevant short-timescale neuronal coordination on the framework of largely conserved long-timescale sequential dynamics to form a memory. from journals http://bit.ly/2xd7sih

Seizures associated with Alzheimer's disease in both animal models and humans alter hippocampal neurogenesis. Treating mice with antiseizure medications normalized neurogenesis and improved spatial discrimination. from Neuroscience News http://bit.ly/2Fv7zu0

The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) appears to play a significant role in our ability to make decisions. A network connecting the OFC and nucleus accumbens translates negative outcomes into values, while the OFC-amygdala circuit helps stabilize action values. from Neuroscience News http://bit.ly/2ZFkmBY

In this podcast, Dr Moawad interviews Dr Cesar Ochoa-Lubinoff, MD, MPH, FAAP, about recent encouraging clinical trial results in patients with Angelman syndrome. from Front page feed http://bit.ly/2RybATr

Mouse models reveal different specializations between the left and right auditory cortex. Researchers identified differences in the wiring diagrams between the sides of the cortex that may explain their specific roles in speech processing. from Neuroscience News http://bit.ly/2YlI6uo

The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) plays a critical role in guiding decisions in dynamic environments. Groman et al. use a directionally specific viral ablation approach to demonstrate that OFC circuits encode separable reinforcement-learning processes that guide decisions. from journals http://bit.ly/2RBwUY1

Farooq et al. demonstrate that time-compressed, internally generated sequential dynamics in the CA1 ensembles are modified by navigational experience primarily via persistent changes in experience-relevant short-timescale neuronal coordination on the framework of largely conserved long-timescale sequential dynamics to form a memory. from journals http://bit.ly/2xd7sih

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“Like some virulent bacteria doubling on the agar plate, the E.M.R. grows more gargantuan with each passing month, requiring ever more (and ever more arduous) documentation to feed the beast,” wrote Danielle Ofri, M.D., in this New York Times article. She is not alone in her concerns about the runaway paperwork problem faced by doctors today. Some research has shown that documentation takes up more than half a physician’s time. Time on paperwork means time away from patients, and this has some asking themselves why they even went to medical school in the first place. It is no surprise then that EMR demands are increasingly seen as a major contributor to the rising rates of burnout among physicians ( neurologists in particular ). The effort to address this issue has led to an increased use of a new category of medical assistant— medical scribes . A medical scribe is someone (non-licensed) who accompanies a physician, taking notes during patient encounters, retrieving test results,...

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Study in mice and humans reveals reinforcing the activity of microglia could slow, or potentially halt, the proliferation of Tau tangles in Alzheimer's disease. from Neuroscience News http://bit.ly/2IGHuKI

A new online game where users take on the role of fake news producers improves people's ability to discern real information from disinformation, irrespective of education, age, cognitive style or political views. from Neuroscience News http://bit.ly/2LeTZPs

Vascular cell loss results in neuron loss, researchers report. However, pericytes secrete a substance that helps protect neurons, even when vascular cell degeneration begins to occur. from Neuroscience News http://bit.ly/2RwOjRT

The wake-active serotonergic system (STS) has been considered part of the ascending arousal system that promotes wakefulness. Using zebrafish and mice, Oikonomou, Altermatt et al. demonstrate that the STS promotes sleep, potentially by generating homeostatic sleep pressure during wakefulness. from journals http://bit.ly/2N7nl4J

Yim et al. propose a circuit model that implements good-to-action transformation during economic choice. Heterogeneity in circuit synaptic connections is crucial for the coexistence of distinct functional neuron types, which is confirmed by cluster analysis of neuronal activity in LPFC. from journals http://bit.ly/2X3KD02

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Serotonin produced by the raphe is critical for sleep in both mice and zebrafish. The firing of neurons in the raphe and the release of serotonin may help the brain build up better sleep pressure. The results may explain why some sleep-related side effects of antidepressants increase serotonin in the brain. from Neuroscience News http://bit.ly/2X3JEwI

Direct electrical stimulation of the dorsal anterior insular cortex triggers ecstatic sensations. Findings support the major role the anterior insular plays in ecstasy. from Neuroscience News http://bit.ly/2WWGmqg

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H. pylori and Parkinson’s disease: meta-analyses including clinical severity. Dardiotis E, Tsouris Z, Mentis AA, et al. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2018; 175:16-24. Abstract Background: The exact etiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains unclear. Some evidence supports Helicobacter pylori infection as a trigger or driving event, but detection and eradication of H. pylori are not part […] via Does helicobacter pylori predispose to Parkinson’s disease? — Neurochecklists Blog from The Neurology Lounge http://bit.ly/2Nj8wwa

H. pylori and Parkinson’s disease: meta-analyses including clinical severity. Dardiotis E, Tsouris Z, Mentis AA, et al. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2018; 175:16-24. Abstract Background: The exact etiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains unclear. Some evidence supports Helicobacter pylori infection as a trigger or driving event, but detection and eradication of H. pylori are not part […] via Does helicobacter pylori predispose to Parkinson’s disease? — Neurochecklists Blog from The Neurology Lounge http://bit.ly/2KzCSYS

from Neurology : nature.com subject feeds https://go.nature.com/2IFrtos

from Neurology : nature.com subject feeds https://go.nature.com/2ZRgM83

from Neurology : nature.com subject feeds https://go.nature.com/2IFk5cB

from Neurology : nature.com subject feeds https://go.nature.com/2ZJkksQ

from Neurology : nature.com subject feeds https://go.nature.com/2IEwttj

from Neurology : nature.com subject feeds https://go.nature.com/2ZGhaGb

from Neurology : nature.com subject feeds https://go.nature.com/2IH5ldn

from Neurology : nature.com subject feeds https://go.nature.com/2ZGK9ts

from Neurology : nature.com subject feeds https://go.nature.com/2X8nFVD

from Neurology : nature.com subject feeds https://go.nature.com/2J2hWGJ

A correlation has been identified between working long hours for ten years and an increased risk of stroke, particularly in those aged under 50. from Neuroscience News http://bit.ly/2IDeWSl

Capillary constriction caused by amyloid beta restricts cerebral blood flow in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Inhibiting the capillary constriction may potentially reduce some of the neurodegenerative features of Alzheimer's. from Neuroscience News http://bit.ly/31RN4S7

Facial tics might be the key to distinguishing real videos of people from deepfakes, researchers say. from Neuroscience News http://bit.ly/2WZeX70